What are the levels of care in EMS?
The different levels of care are determined by the type of care that can be given to a patient by the EMS professional the time of transport. Common levels include: Basic Life Support (BLS), Advanced Life Support (ALS), Mobile Intensive Care (MICU), and Critical Care.
Basic Life Support
A Basic Life Support (BLS) ambulance is staffed by two Emergency Medical Technicians (EMTs) who have training in basic emergency medical care such as basic airway management, use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) and basic drug administration. Examples of BLS transports include:
- Hospital discharges with basic caregiving
- Psychiatric discharges
- Basic Life Support emergencies such as lower extremity fractures
- Inter-facility transfers
- Transport to dialysis / wound care
- Doctor’s offices
Advanced Life Support
Advanced Life Support (ALS) ambulances meet all the BLS level requirements in addition to:
- Staffing a paramedic with 1,000 hours of education and training
- Advanced airway management
- Drug administration
- Cardiac monitoring
Patients who typically require ALS transport include:
- Medical/surgical patients with a continuous IV
- Patients on a cardiac monitor
- Patients with potential airway compromise
- Any patient deemed to have a potential complication during transport when reported by the sending facility
- Life threatening medical emergencies (i.e. respiratory distress, stroke, seizure, or chest pains)
- Multi-trauma or burn patients
Mobile Intensive Care Unit
Mobile Intensive Care Units (MICU) meet all the ALS level requirements, as well as the ability to administer narcotics, provide ventilation to patients, and provide life supporting measures to severely injured/highly acuity patients during transport to/from a medical facility for continuous care.